From MIT’s Technology Review, this is a list of the “10 Emerging Technologies of 2008″:

• Modeling Surprise Combining massive quantities of data, insights into human psychology, and machine learning can help manage surprising events, says Eric Horvitz.
• Probabilistic Chips Krishna Palem thinks a little uncertainty in chips could extend battery life in mobile devices–and maybe the duration of Moore’s Law, too.
• NanoRadio Alex Zettl’s tiny radios, built from nanotubes, could improve everything from cell phones to medical diagnostics.
• Wireless Power Physicist Marin Soljacic is working toward a world of wireless electricity.
• Atomic Magnetometers John Kitching’s tiny magnetic-field sensors will take MRI where it’s never gone before.
• Offline Web Applications Adobe’s Kevin Lynch believes that computing applications will become more powerful when they take advantage of the browser and the desktop.
• Graphene Transistors A new form of carbon being pioneered by Walter de Heer of Georgia Tech could lead to speedy, compact computer processors.
• Connectomics Jeff Lichtman hopes to elucidate brain development and disease with new technologies that illuminate the web of neural circuits.
• Reality Mining Sandy Pentland is using data gathered by cell phones to learn about human behavior.
• Cellulolytic Enzymes Frances Arnold is designing better enzymes for making biofuels from cellulose.